Denarius 253 -268 AD ROMAN.Gallienus AD 253-268 BI Double- / Rev: SOL SUN NGC (077)

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Certification details

Certification number: 6559228-077

NGC collectible ID: 800315

Pedigree: ROMAN AGE OF CHAOS

Date: Gallienus, AD 253-268 ROMAN EMPIRE

Nominal value: BI Double-Denarius

Mint Mark: ROMAN EMPIRE

Year: Gallienus, AD 253-268

ROMAN EMPIRE

GALLIENUS 253-268 AD

BI DOUBLE DENARIUS

Roman Age of Chaos

CERTIFIED BY NGC

Obverse:
Gallienus facing right, wearing a military style drape and a radiate
crown, framed by the inscription ''GALLIENVS AVG,'' which simply means ''Emperor
Gallienus.''


Reverse: Sol, radiate, standing left, raising right
hand and holding whip in left hand

Sol was the solar deity in Ancient Roman
religion. It was long thought that Rome actually had two different, consecutive
sun gods. The first, Sol Indiges, was thought to have been unimportant,
disappearing altogether at an early period. Only in the late Roman Empire,
scholars argued, did solar cult re-appear with the arrival in Rome of the Syrian
Sol Invictus, perhaps under the influence of the Mithraic mysteries. Recent
publications have challenged the notion of two different sun gods in Rome,
pointing to the abundant evidence for the continuity of the cult of Sol, and the
lack of any clear differentiation - either in name or depiction - between the
''early'' and ''late'' Roman sun god.








Gallienus was Emperor of the Roman Empire
from AD 253-268, sharing the throne with his father Valerian until AD 260, then
as sole ruler until his death in AD 268. Based upon the inscriptions, this
Billon Double-Denarius of Gallienus was struck during his solitary reign, AD
260-268. The Romans typically used doubled letters to indicate plurality.
Coinage of Gallienus minted during his joint reign are inscribed ''AVGG'' (two
emperors), while later coins bear the inscription ''AVG.''













Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus ( c. 218
– September 268) was Roman emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and
alone from 260 to 268. He ruled during the Crisis of the Third Century that
nearly caused the collapse of the empire. He won a number of military victories
against usurpers and Germanic tribes, but was unable to prevent the secession of
important provinces. His 15-year reign was the longest in half a century.



Born into a wealthy and traditional senatorial family, Gallienus was the son of
Valerian and Mariniana. Valerian became Emperor in September 253 and had the
Roman senate elevate Gallienus to the ranks of Caesar and Augustus. Valerian
divided the empire between him and his son, with Valerian ruling the east and
his son the west. Gallienus defeated the usurper Ingenuus in 258 and destroyed
an Alemanni army at Mediolanum in 259.



The defeat and capture of Valerian at Edessa in 260 by the Sasanian Empire threw
the Roman Empire into the chaos of civil war. Control of the whole empire passed
to Gallienus. He defeated the eastern usurpers Macrianus Major and Lucius
Mussius Aemilianus in 261–262 but failed to stop the formation of the breakaway
Gallic Empire under general umus. Aureolus, another usurper, proclaimed
himself emperor in Mediolanum in 268 but was defeated outside the city by
Gallienus and besieged inside. While the siege was ongoing, Gallienus was
assassinated, stabbed to death by the officer Cecropius, as part of a
conspiracy.


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