England Penny ND Aethelred II Last Small Cross, Lincoln XF/AU

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England, Lincoln. AR Penny, ND (undated, c. 1009–1016), Aethelred II (978–1016). Last Small Cross type. Moneyer Osferth. 1.08 g. XF/AU. Silver. Peck-marks. Catalog: Spink 1154; North 777.

Numismatic Insight: Aethelred II’s Lincoln Last Small Cross Penny (Spink 1154 / North 777)

Overview: A silver penny in the name of Aethelred II, King of England 978–1016, of the Last Small Cross type and struck at Lincoln by the moneyer Osferth. The issue is undated (ND) and generally dated c. 1009–1016, the final years of Aethelred’s reign. This specimen weighs 1.08 g and is graded XF/AU (Extremely Fine / About Uncirculated). Peck-marks are present.

Design: The obverse carries the royal bust and surrounding legend within an inner circle; the reverse shows the characteristic small cross pattée of the Last Small Cross type, with the moneyer and Lincoln mint signature in the surrounding legend. The surfaces retain strong detail for the type, while the noted peck-marks record testing of the silver in circulation.

Historical context: The Last Small Cross was the final major coin type of Aethelred II and belongs to the period of renewed Viking pressure on England. Lincoln was a major East Midlands mint and an important commercial centre. Named moneyers such as Osferth were responsible for producing the king’s pennies at the regional mints. Peck-marks are commonly understood as silver-quality tests made by traders, especially in northern and Baltic circulation.

Numismatic details: Silver penny (AR). Weight 1.08 g. Grade XF/AU. Undated (ND), Last Small Cross type, c. 1009–1016. Mint: Lincoln. Moneyer: Osferth. A few peck-marks. Catalog: Spink 1154; North 777.

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