MARK 1398-1422 GERMANY - GRAFSCHAFT (COUNTY) - ADOLF IV, - Denar (Pfennig) n.d. , Hattingen f/vf à vf-

weight 0,91gr. | silver Ø 17mm.

obv. Arms of Kleve within reede circle, surrounded by the legend
✠ADOLPhVS⁑COMЄS⁑CLЄVЄ
rev. Arms of Mark within reeded circle, surrounded by the legend
MONЄ - TA•hATTЄNING
Adolphe IV of Mark (= Adolph II of Cleves) is a central figure in the history of the medieval Lower Rhine Region. He was born on 2 August 1373, son of Adolph III, Count of Mark, and Margaret of Jülich (and thus the brother of Margaret of Cleves). After his father′s death in 1394, he became Count of Cleves. In 1397 he defeated his uncle William VII of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg in the battle of Kleverhamm and became Lord of Ravenstein (nowaday a little town in the Netherlands). Shortly before the year 1400 he married Agnes, daughter of Rupert of Germany and Elisabeth of Nuremberg. Agnes died a year later with no issue. In 1406 Adolf married Marie of Burgundy, daughter of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria. When his brother Dietrich IX, Count of Mark died in battle in 1398, he also became Count of Mark. Adolph further expanded his influence by marrying a daughter of the Duke of Burgundy. As a result, Cleves was raised to a Duchy by the Holy Roman Emperor, Sigismund, in 1417. From 1409 onwards he faced opposition from his younger brother Gerhard, who claimed the County of Mark. By 1422, their dispute resulted in an armed conflict, with Gerhard allying himself with the Archbishop of Cologne. A peace was signed between the two brothers in 1430 and confirmed in 1437. As a result, Gerhard ruled the largest part of Mark, but was to be succeeded by his nephew John. He was not allowed to call himself Count of Mark, but has to use the title Count zur Mark. After Gerhard′s death in 1461, the County of Mark and the Duchy of Cleves were reunited again. Adolphe II took part in more than twenty military conflicts. Adolph II died on 23 September 1448 and was succeeded by his eldest son Johann I. Hattingen is located on the south bank of the River Ruhr in the south of the Ruhr region. The town was first mentioned in 1396, when the Duke of Mark granted permission to build a city wall. Today, Hattingen has a picturesque historic district with Fachwerk (timber-framed houses) built between the 14th and 16th centuries. Hattingen became part of the Hanseatic League in 1554 and became an important trading town. In 1720, there were 52 operating coal mines within the municipal area and Hattingen became one of the first industrial cities of the Ruhr region. Steel production started in 1853, when the Henrichshütte was founded. The Henrichshütte became one of the most important employers of the whole region and dominated the town until it closed in 1987. The old city is still partly surrounded by the city walls today.

Menadier - (cf. 84) | cf. Slg.Lejeune 1321-1327 R
Struck with some weaknesses. Rare.
f/vf à vf-

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