Spain BOOK 2019 Fraude Real: Las aventuras monetarias de Felipe II en el Real Ingenio de Segovia

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**2019 - Royal Fraud - The Monetary Adventures of Philip II at the Royal Mint of Segovia - G. S. Murray**

• Year: 2019
• Author: Glenn Stephen Murray Fantom
• Color
• Softcover
• 295 pages
• Language: Spanish
• Dimensions: 21.5 x 15.5 cm
• Publisher: Friends of the Segovia Mint Museum

In the mid-16th century, Spanish coins began to be minted with less care than before. The fleets brought so much silver from the Americas that the mints couldn’t keep up, leading to rushed work and shortcuts. Hammering the metal by hand and manually striking coins under these conditions produced pieces with irregular edges. This was precisely what rogues wanted, as they clipped and filed coins to steal metal. Underweight coins led to withheld funds that Philip II sent to various territories. The king had to pay delay fees while the missing metal weight was demanded back. Something had to be done. Meanwhile, in Germany around 1551, a device for rolling metal and striking coins with rollers—a mechanized system—was invented and reached Tyrol, Austria, by 1567. The Archduke of Tyrol, a cousin of Philip II, received underweight Spanish coins and didn’t hesitate to give the necessary machinery to the king to set up a mechanical mint in Spain. This would be the world's largest mint, for the king with more silver and gold than anyone else, to turn these metals into coins. The industrial convoy that transported the machines and technicians from Tyrol set a precedent in the milestones of world industrialization, in terms of era, distances, and sophistication. And all this happened two centuries before the industrial revolution. The new technology gave Philip II the opportunity he sought to impose reforms, using this personal mint as a testing ground. We will see how his adventures in Segovia led to improvements in coinage. We will uncover secrets unknown until today, despite a cryptic message always seen but never interpreted. The protagonists of that time will narrate the thrilling chronicle of one of the lesser-known aspects of the life and work of the Prudent King.

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